Search results for “ядра”

The order of an element and of a group, the order of a permutation as the lcm of its cycle lengths; generators and cyclic groups; homomorphisms and isomorphisms of groups, the classification of cyclic groups; examples — the sign of a permutation, inversion in an abelian group, the exponential, the determinant, $S_3$ and $D_3$; subgroups, kernel and image, the injectivity criterion; left and right cosets and the partition into them; normal subgroups and conjugation, the index, Lagrange's theorem, subgroups of index 2; the quotient group; the homomorphism theorem with examples; conjugate elements, the centre, a group action on a set.

Problems for seminar 2 of the course "Algebra 1" (A. A. Avilov, Independent University of Moscow, autumn 2026), 14 September 2026 — group homomorphisms, the homomorphism theorem, conjugate elements, group actions. The group $\operatorname{Hom}(A, B)$ of abelian groups; multiplicativity of the index; the third isomorphism theorem; isomorphic subgroups with non-isomorphic quotients; conjugacy in $S_n$ and cycle type; conjugacy classes of $A_5$; $\operatorname{Aut}(S_n) = S_n$ for $n \ne 6$; the rotation and symmetry groups of the cube; a homomorphism $S_4 \to S_3$; the symmetry group of the icosahedron; the automorphism group of the Petersen graph.

Why homology is needed — the fundamental group as a functor, homotopy groups, bordism and its combinatorial approximation; chain complexes and their homology; abstract simplicial complexes, geometric realisation and triangulations; the complex of simplicial chains, the proof of $d^2 = 0$, the simplicial homology of a segment, of two points and of the boundary of a triangle; reduced homology.