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Geometry ×

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Geometry. Lecture 2

Sep 22, 2026LectureФёдор Попеленский

Finite geometries — the Platonic solids. A reminder — right actions, orbits, stabilisers, fundamental domains (corrected definition) and the example of Z+Z\mathbb{Z} + \mathbb{Z} on the plane; the formula ∣G∣=∣Orb⁡(x)∣⋅∣Stab⁡(x)∣|G| = |\operatorname{Orb}(x)| \cdot |\operatorname{Stab}(x)| and the 48 symmetries of the cube; regular polyhedra — Sosinsky's definition and the definition via flags, a stellated counterexample; the five Platonic solids; regular polytopes in R4\mathbb{R}^4 (six) and in Rn\mathbb{R}^n for n≥5n \ge 5 (the cube, the simplex, the hyperoctahedron) with the coordinates of their vertices; why there are no more than five — face angles and the Schläfli symbol; uniqueness of the gluing and the rigidity theorem; Euler's formula; the finite subgroups of SO(3)SO(3) — Zn\mathbb{Z}_n, DnD_n and the rotation groups of the tetrahedron, cube and icosahedron; the duality cube–octahedron, icosahedron–dodecahedron; which figures on the sphere realise Zn\mathbb{Z}_n, DnD_n and Z2\mathbb{Z}_2.

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Geometry. Lecture 1

Sep 22, 2026LectureФёдор Попеленский

What geometries there are and what they have in common — Klein's Erlangen programme; the school 3–4–5 triangle and the ellipsoid; the cube and the brick as finite geometries; metric spaces; groups, quantifiers in the axioms; the group of bijections and the order of composition; left and right actions of a group on a set; the metrics d1d_1, d2d_2, d∞d_\infty on Rn\mathbb{R}^n; isometries, subgroups; the order of an element; orbits, stabilisers, transitive actions; the list of geometries in the course — the Euclidean plane, the regular triangle and S3S_3, the cube and its 48 symmetries, the Poincaré model of the Lobachevsky plane; fundamental domains; subgeometries — the square in the cube.

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